The Whistler essays

The Whistler essays Korea, a peninsula about the same size as Minnesota, is divided in two separate countries. South Korea, a country slightly larger than Indiana, is surrounded by islands mainly to the south and west. It is bordered by the Yellow Sea to the south, the Sea of Japan (known in Korea as the East Sea) to the east, and the Korea Bay to the west (Korea, South). Mostly green swathed mountains with only 290 square kilometers of water cover South Korea (Geography of South Korea). Its neighbor North Korea, a country about the same size as New York or Louisiana, is located between China and South Korea, the Korea Bay to the west, and the East Sea to the east (Korea, North). North Korea is covered mostly by hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys (Geography of North Korea). An area called the DMZ (DeMilitarized Zone) divides North and South Korea. The DMZ is a heavily guarded four kilometer wide strip of land that stretches across the peninsula at approximately the thirty eighth parallel for a distance of two hundred forty one kilometers with the east side south of the thirty eighth parallel and the west side north of the thirty eighth parallel (Korean Demilitarized Zone). The DMZ is an area of Korea that no one is allowed to explore. The area has been isolated since 1970 when barbed wire construction was completed (Green Korea). The Dhole (also known as the Red-dog), an endangered, very rare species of canid, used to be found throughout Korea. It is possible that a few wild populations may still remain in North Korea and the DMZ. Without being able to explore the DMZ no one can be sure if the Red-dog is thriving there or not. The Red-dog is a large (about the size of a border collie), beautiful, doglike canid with thick colorful fur ranging from a deep cinnamon to a greyish brown and even a yellowish creamy color, with white patches on the throat, legs and face. Their tail is usually tipped in black, with a darkened area on their...

How to Add Rocket Fuel to Your Job Search Strategy

How to Add Rocket Fuel to Your Job Search Strategy Finding a job like everything else in life requires a plan. When you buy a new car, you probably look at different car makers, models and reviews. You learn about the vehicle’s handling, braking distance and gas mileage. Once you have acquired a knowledge base, you might visit showrooms, check classified ads or go online. Finding a job is not very different. The parameters might be, but the basic research, knowledge acquisition and plan execution are not. Pick  a Job That Is Right for YouThe first order of business is to look at your strengths, interests and experience. You need to identify the job that best suits you. Once you have established that, it is a good idea to check who is hiring in the area. Job classifieds may detail local openings. Online job sites, such as TheJobNetwork, provide multiple listings and send email alerts when a job opportunity surfaces.Companies and Hiring ProfilesOnce you have chosen the type of job you want, it is important to search for compan ies who offer that type of work. Companies are often specific about the type of candidate needed. Whether written directly or not, companies put forth a hiring profile. Deciding if you meet the criteria is a good first step. If so, checking into company preferences concerning resume style and other information the company may want is advisable. Use the resume to set yourself apart and provide categorization of your strengths and achievements while staying within the company job description.Creating the Resume and Extraneous ProfilesPotential employers often check out applicants on LinkedIn. Having a profile that is well written and provides an accurate presentation of your skills, employment history and connections is important. In addition, knowing about a company will help to set you apart later on during the interview process. This shows attentiveness to detail and curiosity, qualities that are highly valued. Researching the company and its beliefs and value system, as well as it s product or services, indicates that you have taken the time to learn about the company.Checking Your Resume and Cover LetterWriting a generic cover letter and resume is a good idea. Your resume should succinctly chronicle your experience and training as well as education. Modifying the resume and cover letter to fit the job makes sense. It is obvious to employers when the resume is not job specific. Letting a mentor or friend review your resume and LinkedIn profile helps give you fresh perspective.Job OutlookThe job outlook has seen an uptick since 2010, and statistically this growth is strong. The number of jobs in each sector varies. By using labor statistics, it is possible for a job seeker to determine which category has the most jobs at any given time.Finding Jobs Depends On Where You LookLooking online for jobs every day helps you catch a new opening as soon as it is announced. TheJobNetwork finds opportunities and alerts you by email as soon as a job is available. Signing u p for this service is free and easy. Once you upload your information, this job recruitment network searches its database and others for new job opportunities.

American and Chinese Management Culture Research Paper

American and Chinese Management Culture - Research Paper Example According to Chinese management culture, business success is attributed to luck while business failure is attributed to personal failures in life. In contrast, American management culture attribute organizational success to high performance of employees, creativity of managers and good management practices. American culture attributes business failure to poor leadership and management practices or high competition in the market (Wenzhong 37). Another difference in the management cultures is on delegating responsibilities and accountability. Responsibility delegation will influence employee accountability and performance in his job. In America, management embraces proper delegation of authority and responsibility to the subordinates. Employees are accountable for the tasks delegated to them. In China, there is less delegation of authority and responsibility to employees thus employees are not personally accountable for the tasks but are considered to be part of a group work or team (L ynch 42). Chinese management philosophy values collectivism while American management cultures are individualism. In China, the management emphasizes on group cooperation. Chinese managers expect every employee to actively participate in accomplishing the goals of the organization. Individual employees are expected to show loyalty to organizational goals. Chinese collectivism management culture utilizes strict rules and disciplinary measures in order to ensure group stability. On the other side, American management culture is individualism. In America, employees exercise more freedom by exhibiting creativity and innovation in their jobs. American management culture values individual rights and goals and tries to align the employee goals with organizational goals in order to maximize employee productivity. In America, employees value personal achievement and success in their individual tasks, they work hard for promotions and better compensation (Lynch 66). Another difference in Amer ican and Chinese management cultures is the perceptions on time. Chinese managers pay more attention to past and long-term relationships with business partners and suppliers. In China, the management builds working relations with customers before starting transactions thus resulting in time wastage on discussing business decisions. Other the other hand, American management culture is less in the past relationships with business partners. American managers expect short term rewards from their business decisions. American management culture entails fast decision making and less established working relationships with business partners (Wenzhong 39). Chinese economy experiences some high government control while American economy is purely capitalist and free market economy. Chinese managers must establish cordial relationships with government officials in order to succeed unlike American management thus only need to work within the established business regulations and business legal env ironment. Chinese management culture values working personal relationships than established rules and procedures. American management culture follows well documented processes and rules that are fair to all the stakeholders in the organization. For instance, most companies in China may lack grievances handling procedures or a ethics code. American management culture has written human resource policies and ethical code of conduct that all employees must follow (Nocera 5). Chinese

Review of Final Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review of Final Exam - Essay Example The south and the north portray a difference in the triumphing denomination. The south is stalwartly going traditional, and even reactionary based on the economically advanced nations. The Roman Catholic draws characteristics of being traditionalists and fideistic and or radical protestant evangelical or Pentecostal sects. The difference in the Anglican understanding of the bible bring up the question if this is a splintering or simply a realignment, but whichever the case, we are now two different churches. Cultural imperialism, clearly highlighted in the laws of globalization and correctly defined as homogenization standards of tests, behavior, cultures among others. The hollywood, for instance, is inseparable from American imperialism. Therefore, the term Cultural imperialism can be viewed in two dimensions. One that perceives it as imperialism within the culture domain and the other one tend to see it in terms of the cultural aspect of imperialism. These two are complementary in understanding cultural imperialism. Scott particularly raises a strong argument against cultural imperialism stating that it may reflect recent past therefore failing to capture the big picture and at the same time, the audience actively construct and filter meaning in a way that makes sense only to them. There is also a very present likelihood of emergence of a polycentric world of film production. The Hollywood, for instance, has multinational ownership, global auteurs and transnational circuits of cultural influence. Asia (Pusan, South Korea), Europe (Venice, Cannes, Belin) and North America (Toronto, Canada) are known to be among the places that have major film festivals. These festivals serve the purpose of alternating the circuit of distribution while simultaneously promote transnational economy of cultural prestige. They also aid in showcasing national cinemas, facilitate

Development of Language from Rituals

Development of Language from Rituals To what extent has language evolved from complex rituals? Is ritualistic behaviour a necessary step in the development of complex language? This essay will examine the possibility of a connection between rituals and ritualistic behaviour and the development of language, with some analysis of ritual behaviour in the animal world as well as briefly examining the extent to which human use of language today is itself ritualistic. The questions above are by no means simple to answer, nor indeed is any question relating to the origin of the spoken word. How exactly language itself came about is a question which countless historians, evolutionists, biologists and linguists have tried, over many years, to answer without conclusive success. J. G. Penner, in his book Evolution Challenged by Language and Speech, in the appropriately named chapter How did language and speech originate? A confession of ignorance demonstrates this most effectively by quoting no less than 35 eminent experts, renowned in their respective fields, all essentially saying the same thing; that an understanding of exactly how language evolved is beyond human comprehension. Any attempts to explain it, it would appear, can never be much more than speculation. The evidence (that there is no evidence) is certainly compelling. In light of this, it would seem appropriate and wise to proceed with an understanding that whilst we can attempt to answer these questions, the approach, will, by necessity, be purely theoretical in essence. That said, the lack of concrete scientific evidence should not be a reason to discredit all theories completely – this essay will attempt to explore some of the more persuasive theories in investigating the link between ritualistic behaviour and the development of language. In John Haiman’s essay Perspectives on Grammaticalization, he starts by positing the concept of a ritual’s evolution into signals using the example of a basic rite performed by insects – the mating ritual of the dancing fly. Originally the male dancing fly would present the female with a smaller dead insect wrapped in silk. The purpose was for the male to use the opportunity presented by the female’s preoccupation and engagement in unwrapping the bundle to mount her, achieving his instinctual aim of copulation and impregnation. Over many years, the dead insect itself became superfluous, and now, whilst the ritual itself remains the same, the silk parcel presented to the female is empty. This, Haiman explains, has transformed the nature of the ritual inasmuch as the presenting of the empty wrapping alone has evolved into a process which serves purely as a mating signal. The above example serves to demonstrate the evolutionary complexities and potential for development in ritualistic behaviour, however, in order to postulate the origins of the spoken word it would make more sense to consider our closest primate cousins. In The Talking Ape: How Language Evolved Robbins Burling poses the question: â€Å"How did we get from an ordinary primate that could not talk to the strange human primate that can’t shut up?† (p.4)[1] Chimpanzees and Bonobos are clearly also a great deal further along the evolutionary scale than the dancing fly, but Burling provides a very similar example of the development of signal, or ‘ritualisation’, in the evolution of lip-curling in primates. As he explains, the retraction of the lip as a precursor to biting would originally have been a simple movement in order to facilitate the action of biting itself and nothing more; were the lip not to be moved, the ape would bite it. Over millions of years, the curling of the lip would have been universally recognised as a precursor to aggressive behaviour; an imminent bite. Natural selection would favour a) those clever enough to recognise this warning sign of aggression and escape without harm, and b) those who were clever enough to curl their lips and repel aggressors without needing to fight; â€Å"The sign would have then evolved from a purely instrumental act into a stereotypic communicative signal. By evolving into a communicative symbol, the retracted lip became useful for both the aggressor and his potential victim†¦ after some thousands of generations, the behaviour became almost, or fully automatic.† (Burling pp.14-15)[2] Burling explains this process of ritualisation as a logical progression of what is widely considered to be an important concept in the development of language; comprehension. It is only when the significance of a given signal is understood that it becomes a sign of communication, and thus potentially an ancestor of spoken language: â€Å"The ritualization of the lip twitch turned an instrumental act into a communicative signal, but ritualization could not even begin until the twitch was understood. Other animal signals began much as did the retracted lip. Only after meaning is discovered in instrumental gestures or vocalizations can they be ritualized into stereotypic signals.† (p.15)[3] In what we mean by ritual, then, we may perhaps use John Haimans definition; A ritual is identified as one when it ceases to be a purely instrumental act and becomes a signthe ritualized activity is regularized so that its form is relatively independent of (emancipated from) its original stimulus. (p.5)[4] Using this approach then, the question arises, and it is one that has puzzled scholars from all disciplines for thousands of years: How did these signals evolve into spoken language? If we adhere to the logic of the argument presented by Burling, based upon comprehension and ritualisation, it can be put down to the process of evolution, namely natural selection. However, as Burling argues, there is a fundamental difference between the inheritance of basic animal signals, such as those described above, and the development of the spoken word. Natural selection may well have favoured those with the ability to comprehend visible or audible signs, but spoken language could never have been passed on genetically; it would have had to be learnt by the members of each successive generation. This is one of the most vital differences between us and our simian relatives. What distinguishes us from apes, more than anything else, is the ability to communicate via spoken language, as opposed to sig nals, or ‘visible language’ (p.122)[5]. Acknowledging all the while how difficult his task is, Burling attempts to answer the question of how audio signals developed from visual ones, going on to explore various theories including the beginnings of verbal communication as a development of vocal accompaniment to music, and â€Å"motherese†, the cooing vocalisation of mothers toward their children. Burling makes a significant distinction between human language and ‘human screams, sighs, sobs, and laughter’ (p.16)[6]. Our own ‘audible cries, howls, giggles and snorts, along with our visible scowls, smiles, and stares’, he argues, are directly descended from the ‘primate calls’ of the apes, and indeed bear far more relation to the latter than to spoken language. To Burling, our own ‘primate calls’ are, being solely based on instinct and governed directly and purely by emotion, inherent and genetically passed on from generation to generation (indeed, from our simian ancestors to us). Oral Language can only be learned anew. In Language in the Light of Evolution: Volume 1, The Origins of Meaning, James Hurford explores further the difference between learned and unlearned signals, but he takes a different tack to Burling when it comes to the significance of primate communication in the origin of spoken language. Whilst agreeing with the principle of the separateness of learned and inherent communication, Hurford does not draw quite such a radical division between primate calls and spoken language. He sees language as having evolved from a mixture of what is innate and what is learned: â€Å"†¦I see enough common ground between primate calls and human utterances not to give up the idea that the evolution of human language built upon the pre-existing use of arbitrary signals by animals to do things to each other† (p.119)[7] Indeed, Hurford sees the unlearned ‘primate calls’ themselves as a direct ancestor of spoken language. He uses the analogy of the modern wonders of nanotechnology having developed only as a result of the evolution of basic Stone Age tools. There would be no computers or spacecraft had it not been for those rudimentary early tools, however primitive they may have been. Hurford goes on to point out the role of emotion in governing the variance of spoken communication; â€Å"Human language is a unique naturally occurring case of learned and arbitrary symbolic communication, about objects and events in a shared external world. Alongside modern human language, and accompanying it in utterances, we find elements of the kind of non-referring communication that we have just surveyed in animals. Some aspects of speech, such as speed, loudness and pitch range, are iconically connected with the affective mood of the speaker, and these correlations are found across all languages with little variation. You can tell when a speaker is excited, even if you can’t understand a word he is saying. These aspects of human language behaviour are largely unlearned, and come instinctively. They have been called ‘paralanguage’, implying that they do not belong to a language system proper.† (p.120)[8] Hurford quite correctly draws attention to the fact that what he describes as ‘paralanguage’ can significantly alter the nature of the communication itself without changing a single word. A vast range of intonations can radically change spoken language, and these variances in pitch, expression and emphasis, which often serve to indicate an emotion on the speaker’s behalf, have, as Hurford says, been shown to be very similar in spoken dialects all over the world, which would appear to indicate that they are indeed inherent (i.e. non-learned). It is in increasing our use and knowledge of the ‘learned’ aspect of language that we have grown apart from our primate relations and their ritualised, instinctive, signal-based communication. Burling however, in his absolute insistence on the mutual exclusivity of learned ‘primate calls’ (human and simian) and spoken language, appears in effect to have shut himself off from being able to reach a decisive conclusion about how exactly language came to evolve from the early, ritual-based, genetically inherited form of communication into the complex dialects spoken by humans today. He does little to hide the obvious difficulty he finds in making the leap from the â€Å"ordinary primate that could not talk to the strange human primate that can’t shut up†. Hurford takes a more inclusive view, and whilst acknowledging that ‘language proper’ is undeniably distinct and separate from ‘paralanguage’, he declares that ‘uniquely complex human language could not have evolved without the social ritualized doing-things-to-each-other scaffolding found in many other social species, including our nearest relatives, the primates’ (p.120)[9]. Given the limits of this essay it is only possible to explore [to a certain depth] a limited range of theory on the ritualistic origins of language, but the conclusion Hurford reaches appears to be a rational [and intelligent] one. Burling may be himself unable to convincingly bridge the gap between pant-hoots and human verbal discourse, but like Haiman, he does at least acknowledge that the roots of human language lie in ritualised behaviour. Haiman casts an intriguing perspective on the extent of ritualisation in language today. Certainly we may take Hurfords paralanguage, the contextualisation of spoken utterances dependent on variables such as pitch, intonation and volume as an example of ritualisation occurring from instinctive signal transmission. Having demonstrated, with his example of the dancing flies, an example of ritualisation resulting from repetition, Haiman expands the concept and explores the phenomenon of ritualisation occurring from what he calls grammaticalization – the transformation of the significance of verbal markers. Quoting Brophy and Partridge, he provides an example of soliders so inured to the word fuck, that its effect is practically reversed: So common indeed was [the word fuck] in its adjectival form that after a short time the ear refused to acknowledge it and took in only the noun to which it was attachedIt became so common that an effective way for the soldier to express emotion was to omit this word. Thus, if a sergeant said Get your f***ing rifles! it was understood as a matter of routine. But if he said Get your rifles! there was an immediate implication of emergency and danger. (Brophy and Partridge 1931: 16f) (p.9)[10] This look at a handful of theories relating to one of the most widely considered topics of language does, for all the various differences within, seem to point towards the fact that ritualistic behaviour was indeed an important, if not necessary step in the development of complex language as we know it today. The terms ritual and ritualisation are widely open to interpretation, but a brief glimpse at some of Haimans theories and examples of the ritualisation of modern language goes at least some way towards demonstrating the presence and significance of ritual still present in our spoken language today. Bibliography Boysson-Bardies, B (1991) â€Å"How Language Comes to Children†: MIT Press, Cambridge Burling, R (2005) â€Å"The Talking Ape†: Oxford University Press, UK Ellis, A Beattie, G (2005) â€Å"The Psychology of Language and Communication†: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hove and London, UK Hurford, James R (2007) â€Å"Language in the Light of Evolution: Volume 1, The origins of Meaning†: Oxford University Press, UK Krebs, J.R Davies, N.B (Ed) (1984) â€Å"Behavioural Ecology: An Evolutionary Approach†: Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford McWhorter, J (2001) â€Å"The Power of Babe: A Natural History of Language†: William Heinemann, London Pagliuca, W (Ed) (1994) â€Å"Perspectives on Grammaticalization†: John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam Penner, J.G (2000) â€Å"Evolution challenged by language and speech†: Minerva Press, London 1 Footnotes [1] Burling, R (2005) â€Å"The Talking Ape† [2] ibid [3] Burling, R (2005) â€Å"The Talking Ape† [4] Pagliuca, W (Ed) (1994) â€Å"Perspectives on Grammaticalization† [5] Burling, R (2005) â€Å"The Talking Ape† [6] ibid [7] Hurford, James R (2007) â€Å"Language in the Light of Evolution [8] Hurford, James R (2007) â€Å"Language in the Light of Evolution [9] ibid [10] Pagliuca, W (Ed) (1994) â€Å"Perspectives on Grammaticalization†

One Way Is to Make English Language a Compulsory Subject Essay

One way is to make English language a compulsory subject. In my school just as Mathematics, Science and other social subjects are taught English should also be introduced as proper course. All students from their very early education will be introduced to English. All students would be required to pass the English course before they can be promoted to the next grade. For example a grade one who is not able to pass grade one English course will not be promoted to grade 2. Similarly grade two student will not be promoted to grade three until he has passed the English course. The level of complexity and difficulty of English would be increased slowly and gradually each year so that when a student finishes his primary education he is able to read, write, and understand the Basic English. Communication and skills or could be improved by encouraging students to speak in English when in school rather than native language. The second way would be to teach all the subjects in English from the beginning instead of the local language. In Thailand currently all the subjects we mostly taught in the local language so that the students can grasp the ideas more quickly and easily. As a results the students became used to study everything in local language rather than English. If all the subjects are taught in English the students will learn the language more quickly and they will also be comfortable in using in the language later in their educational life when they study more advanced subjects in English. In short all schools should be made strictly English medium. From the two suggestions that I have made I think the second one will be more effective and feasible. I say that because if all the subjects we taught in English then it would be easy for students to adapt the language. If on the others hand there is only one cause of English language and the rest of the subjects we taught in local language then the students will not concentrate on the English language enough. Students might try to just pass the English course and focus more on the others subject since they might find the other course easier to understand. An example to support my argument could be comparison of the students of India and China. From my research I have found out that students in India are taught all the subjects during their primary education in English. As a result the students do not consider English as a foreign language but rather consider English as an integral and core part of their early education. The result is that Indian students are able to understand and communicate more efficiently compared to students of other nationalities. Chines on the other hand are taught all their course in local language. So although they have sharp minds and critically they have a hand time communicating all their ideas in English language. Conclusion In conclusion, if we are use English language in all subjects and always taught in English that students will have concentrate to study because if they not concentrate then will difficult to learning. When students can use English well they can learn the language more quickly. In Thailand should to pass the English course before then they can be promote to the next grade. If they can’t pass English course then they can continue study again until they have passed the English course. I think, this way is possible for my school.

Teenage Alcohol Abuse Essay - 726 Words

Is there ever going to be an end of teenagers drinking before they are allowed to according to law? In today’s society teenagers walk around as if they know exactly what is good for them, as if they are invincible. Take a look at the number of crashes caused every year by teenage under-aged drinkers and how alcohol effects their future and see how bold of a word invincibility is. Issues that need to be considered when it comes to alcohol are the medical conditions it gives people, how alcohol effects each teenagers future, and who the people are that are inspiring teenagers to drink. People have the right to drink but because of law teenagers are not legally allowed to. There is a reason for everything and this is to keep everyone†¦show more content†¦That is a lot for a country of 4,144,056. If teenagers started drinking young, then the percentage would rise each year. It is a fact that one in five New Zealanders will suffer from an alcohol use disorder at som e time in their life. Instead of making the numbers rise, adults, the people teenagers look up to, should be reinforcing the law to make sure it does not happen. There is no need for 150 people to die a year because of drinks. There is no need at all. Is alcohol going to effect a teenagers future? Well of course it is. Unless they dislike the taste of it, it is likely that alcohol will be accepted into the system and drinking it will become a habit. The drinking age was not put there for show, it is there so teenagers keep themselves and others out of harms way. A teenagers body has not yet fully been developed and drinking will effect their brain and the way it grows. If some one is pregnant and they have a small glass repeatedly it will no doubt effect the growth of their baby and the next 70 years of its life. Not only does alcohol effect the brain and body, it can change habits and lives. If a teenager starts drinking young they are bound to carry on through out their whole life. 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